When we welcome a cat into our homes, we're welcoming a family member who will share our lives for years to come. Part of that commitment involves protecting our feline companions from preventable diseases that could cut their lives short or diminish their quality of life. Feline Leukemia (FeLV) stands as one of the most serious viral infections affecting cats today. It is also one of the most preventable with proper knowledge and care. Homeward Bound Veterinary Services has this guide so that every cat has the chance to live a long, healthy life surrounded by the people who love them most.

Warning Signs of Feline Leukemia

FeLV is a serious viral disease that can cause blood disorders, a compromised immune system, and cancer in cats. This virus is spread through infected cats by contact, such as mutual grooming, sharing water bowls, bite wounds, or from mother to kitten. Detecting Feline Leukemia early can significantly impact your cat's prognosis. The challenge lies in recognizing symptoms that often develop gradually and can easily be mistaken for other conditions. Signs of FeLV may include:

• Progressive weight loss despite maintaining appetite, or conversely, complete loss of interest in food can signal FeLV infection. 
• Many cats develop chronic respiratory issues, including persistent sneezing, nasal discharge, or recurring upper respiratory infections that don't respond well to standard treatments.
• Changes in bathroom habits, such as increased urination, difficulty urinating, or changes in litter box behavior, may indicate secondary urinary and bladder infections. 
• Enlarged lymph nodes show that your feline is attempting to fight off infections.
• Skin and coat problems frequently manifest as poor grooming habits, dull or brittle fur, persistent skin infections, or slow-healing wounds. These symptoms reflect the body's compromised ability to maintain basic functions.
• Behavioral changes often accompany physical symptoms. Cats may become withdrawn, lose interest in play or social interaction, or display unusual aggression. Some cats develop neurological symptoms, including seizures, difficulty walking, or changes in coordination.

Living with a FeLV-Positive Cat

While a Feline Leukemia diagnosis can feel overwhelming, many FeLV-positive cats can live comfortable lives with appropriate care. Management focuses on supporting the immune system, preventing secondary infections, and maintaining quality of life through the treatment of health issues.

FeLV-positive cats require strict indoor confinement to protect other cats from infection and to shield them from additional pathogens their compromised immune systems cannot handle. Regular veterinary monitoring with blood work and health assessments will be needed more frequently than with healthy cats.

Nutrition can also support FeLV-positive cats. High-quality diets support immune function. Supplements may be recommended based on individual health status and laboratory findings.

The FeLV Vaccine

Vaccination remains the most effective tool for preventing Feline Leukemia infection. The FeLV vaccine has proven highly effective in preventing infection in cats who haven't been previously exposed to the virus.

The initial vaccine series typically begins when kittens reach around 8 weeks of age, with a second dose administered weeks later. Even adult cats receiving their first FeLV vaccination require two initial doses spaced several weeks apart to establish proper immunity.

Annual FeLV boosters are recommended for cats with ongoing exposure risk, while indoor-only cats may follow different schedules based on their individual risk assessment. Your veterinarian will help determine the most appropriate vaccination schedule for your specific situation.

Pre-vaccination testing ensures that cats aren't already infected before receiving the vaccine. While vaccination won't harm FeLV-positive cats, it provides no benefit either.

Feline Leukemia Prevention and Treatment in Bel Air, MD

Feline Leukemia may be a serious diagnosis, but it doesn't have to be an inevitable one. Through prevention and proactive healthcare, we can protect our cats from this life-threatening virus. Homeward Bound Veterinary Services has FeLV vaccines and testing for cats in Bel Air and from surrounding communities like Fallston, Pleasant Hills, and Abingdon. Schedule an appointment for your feline pet.